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Objective Question on Panchayati Raj for State Eligibility Test

STATE ELIGIBILITY TEST
Objective Question on Panchayati Raj for State Eligibility Test 2017
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Panchayati Raj System

In India, the Panchayati Raj generally refers to the system introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based upon the traditional panchayat system of South Asia. The modern Panchayati Raj and its Gram Panchayats are not to be confused with the extra-constitutional Khap Panchayats (or Caste ''Panchayats) found in northern India.The Panchayati Raj system was formalized in 1992, following a study conducted by a number of Indian committees on various ways of implementing more decentralized administration.
In India, the Panchayati Raj now functions as a system of governance in which gram panchayats are the basic units of local administration. The system has three levels:

Gram anchayat (village level),
Mandal Parishad or Block Samiti or Panchayat Samiti (block level), and
Zila Parishad (district level).

It was formalized in 1992 by the 73rd amendment to the Indian Constitution.
Various Committees on Panchayati Raj :
1. Balwant Rai Mehta : Estd 1957
2. V.T.Krishnammachari : 1960
3. Takhatmal Jain Study Group: 1966
4. Ashok Mehta Committee : 1977
5. G.V.K Rao committee  :1985
6. Dr.L.M.Singhvi Committee:1986

History of Panchyati Raj

The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, headed by MP Balwantrai Mehta, was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the work of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953), to suggest measures to improve their work. The committee's recommendation of the committee by NDC in January 1958, and this set the stage for the launching of Panchayati Raj Institutions throughout the country. The committee recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralisation’, which finally came to be known as Panchayati Raj.

This lead to the establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level, and Zila Parishad at the district level.

The Panchayat Raj system was first adopted by the state of Rajasthan in Nagaur district on 2nd Oct 1959. The second state was Andhra Pradesh, while Maharashtra was the Ninth state. State governments during the 1950s and 60s adopted this system as laws were passed to establish Panchayats in various states. It also founded backing in the Indian Constitution, with the 73rd amendment in 1992 to accommodate the idea. The Amendment Act of 1992 contains provision for devolution of powers and responsibilities to the Panchayats, both for the preparation of economic development plans and social justice, as well as for implementation in relation to 29 subjects listed in the eleventh schedule of the constitution, and the ability to levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees.[8]

The Act aims to provide a 3-tier system of Panchayati Raj for all States having a population of over 2 million, to hold Panchayat elections regularly every 5 years, to provide seats reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women; to appoint a State Finance Commission to make recommendations regarding the financial powers of the Panchayats and to constitute a District Planning Committee, to prepare a development plan draft for the district.
In the history of Panchayati Raj, in India, on 24 April 1993, the Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions. This act was extended to Panchayats in the tribal areas of eight states, namely: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan beginning on 24 December 1996. Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all states except Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, and in all Union Territories except Delhi.

The Panchayats receive funds from three sources:
Local body grants, as recommended by the Central Finance Commission
Funds for implementation of centrally sponsored schemes
Funds released by the state governments on the recommendations of the State Finance Commissions

Block level panchayat
A Panchayat Samiti (block panchayat) is a local government body at the tehsil level. This body works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a "development block". The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the Gram Panchayat and the district administration. Just as the tehsil goes by other names in various parts of India, notably mandal and taluka, there are a number of variations in nomenclature for the block panchayat. For example, it is known as Mandal Praja Parishad in Andhra Pradesh, Taluka Panchayat in Gujaratand Karnataka, and Ppanchayat Samiti in Maharashtra. In general, the block panchayat has the same form as the gram panchayat but at a higher level.

Constituency
Membership in the block panchayat is mostly ex-official; it is composed of: all of the Sarpanchas (gram panchayat chairmen) in the Panchayat Samiti area, the MPs and MLAs of the area, the sub-district officer (SDO) of the subdivision, co-opt members (representatives of the SC/ST and women), associate members (a farmer from the area, a representative of the cooperative societies and one from marketing services), and some elected members.

The Panchayat Samiti is elected for a term of five years and is headed by a chairman and a deputy chairman.

Departments
The common departments in the Samiti are as follows:
  • ·         General Administration
  • ·         Finance
  • ·         Public Works
  • ·         Agriculture
  • ·         Health
  • ·         Education
  • ·         Social Welfare
  • ·         Information Technology
  • ·         Water Supply Department
  • ·         Animal Husbandry and others.

There is an officer for every department. A government-appointed Block Development Officer (BDO) is the executive officer to the Samiti and the chief of its administration, and is responsible for his work to the CEO of ZP.
Functions
  • 1.     Implementation of schemes for the development of agriculture and infrastructure.
  • 2.     Establishment of primary health centres and primary schools.
  • 3.     Supply of drinking water, drainage and construction/repair of roads.
  • 4.     Development of a cottage and small-scale industries, and the opening of cooperative societies.
  • 5.     Establishment of youth organisations.

District level panchayat
The governing of the advance system at the district level in Panchayat Raj is also popularly known as Zila Parishad. The chief of administration is an officer of the IAS cadre.

Functions
  • 1.     Provide essential services and facilities to the rural population
  • 2.     Supply improved seeds to farmers and inform them of new farming techniques
  • 3.     Set up and run schools and libraries in rural areas
  • 4.     Start Primary Health Centers and hospitals in villages; start vaccination drives against epidemics
  • 5.     Execute plans for the development of the scheduled castes and tribes. Run ashram shalas for Adivasi children; set up free hostels for them
  • 6.     Encourage entrepreneurs to start small-scale industries and implement rural employment schemes
  • 7.     Construct bridges, roads and other public facilities and their maintenance
  • 8.     Provide employment

Sources of Income
1.Taxes collected locally such as on water, place of pilgrimage, local mandirs (temples), and markets, etc
2.A fixed grant from the State Government in proportion to the land revenue and money for works and schemes assigned to the Parishad.

Village level panchayat
A Gram Panchayat is a village level administrative body, with a Sarpanch as its elected head. The members of the Gram Panchayat are elected for a period of five years by the members of Gram Sabha.

Reservation for women in PRIs in India
On August 27, 2009, The Union Cabinet of the Government of India approved 50% reservation for women in PRIs (Panchayati Raj Institutions). The Indian states: Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh,[11] Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and Tripura have implemented 50% reservation for women in PRIs.[12][13] The majority of candidates in these Panchayaths are women. Currently 100% of elected members in Kodassery Panchayat in Kerala are women.

1  1. In 2 October 1959, which district of the state of Rajasthan became the first one to adopt the Panchayti Raj system?
1              Nagor
2              Hanumangarh
3              Jaisalmer
4              Jodhpur
Ans; 1
2. Panchayati Raj is a South Asian political system of local governance. In which of these countries does this system not exist?
1.             Pakistan
2.             Sri Lanka
3.             Nepal
4.             Bangladesh
Ans 2
3.  As per the recommendations of which committee, did Panchayati Raj system assumed its present form of a three tier system of local governance?
1.     GVK Rao Committee
2.     Ashok Mehta Committee
3.     Sarkaria Commission
4.     None of these
Ans- 4
4 . Not all states of India have adopted the Panchayati Raj system. In which one of these states does Panchayati Raj exist ?
1. Manipur
2. Meghalaya
3. Asam
4. Nagaland
Ans:1

5. The five members of the Panchayat are .................................... ?      

1.             Nominated by the state governor
2.             Elected by the local people
3.             Recruited by the district collector
4.             All of the above
Ans: 2

6. Panchayati Raj system exists in all Union Territories of India except for one. Which is the UT?

1.             Chandigarh
2.             Delhi
3.             Daman & Diu
4.             Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Ans: 2


7. Which one of these forms of Panchayat is not a part of the constitutional system of Panchayati Raj in India?
1.             Zila Panchayat
2.             Gram Panchayat
3.             Khap Panchayat
4.             Mandal Parishad/Panchayat Samiti –

Ans: 3

8. Which was the first ever committee to be formed on Panchayati Raj in India?
1.             Dr. LM Singhvi Committee
2.             V.T. Krishnammachari Committee
3.             Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
4.             None of these
Ans: 3

9.According to the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, Panchayati Raj was provided to the states having a minimum population of ...........?
1.             1 Million
2.             2 Million
3.             4 Million
4.             5 Million

Ans: 2
Objective Question on Panchayati Raj for State Eligibility Test Objective Question on Panchayati Raj for State Eligibility Test Reviewed by Bhavana Jain on 08:20:00 Rating: 5